WORLD MARKET OF HONEY ON PEAK GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

The financial crisis has affected the interests of many parties beekeeping industry. Large farms and honey companies became more difficult to obtain credit. The drop in demand for some products and minimize their production (including almonds in the United States and Australia) have led to a decrease in revenue from bee pollination. By the beginning of 2010 the price of sugar reached its peak in the last 30 years. Great damage to the industry caused mass death of bees from a variety of diseases, pests and other "evils". These and other factors have contributed to the growth of the world prices for honey.

According to the International Organization of honey exporters (Maugham (IHEO)), since 2005. "Composite" honey prices increased from 1.2 to 3 thousand dollars per 1 metric ton. The world market is no longer the 'excess' of honey.

In view of the changing situation honey companies sought to balance its exports and imports. For example, in 2008. Spain received 30.4 thousand tons, exported 14.9 tonnes and 11.6 tonnes of imported honey.

It is believed that in the world to produce 1.4 million tonnes of marketable honey, of which in international trade flows of about 25%. The main producers and exporters are developing countries, and customers - the U.S., Germany, Japan, the EU and the countries of the Middle East. The crisis has not made any changes to the scheme, although, according to forecasts, the countries of the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and is the largest exporter of honey (except Russia), in the future it will become importers.

According to the U.S. company Global Industry Analyst (GIA), in 2015 the production of honey in the world could rise to 1.9 million tons due to increased demand, increased consumer confidence in the quality, as well as expand the range of food products in which it is present. List of products enriched yogurts, baby food, beverages and condiments. However, the GIA experts stress that this forecast is realized only if we can stop the mass death of bees. While the reasons for optimism. In the United States in the winter 2009/10g. lost about 34% of bee colonies, Germany - 30, in Switzerland - 22%.

Alarming reports are coming from Spain and other powers of honey. On world trade honey significant effect since the late 1990s. course on control of quality honey. The leaders in this field are the EU countries. According to responders on the supply of low-quality food and feed (RASFF), the number of alarms in the EU announced in connection with the discovery of bees imported products contaminated in the past eight years, has decreased by 3 times, and their share in the total number of "food anxiety" decreased from 3.2 to 0.4%. Of the 303 detainees in 2002 lots of honey and other bee products from China received 78, from Bulgaria and Argentina - to 21, from Turkey - 20, from the Ukraine - 18, from Vietnam - 17, from Cyprus, Slovakia, Spain and India - 10. Russian mentioned in the list of 2 times. The reason is that the supply of Russian honey in the EU during the period did not exceed 200 tons per year, and on this indicator our country closes the list of the 36 exporters. Among the identified residues in imported honey 40 antibiotics were leading chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfathiazole, respectively detected in 94, 43 and 32 games.

In recent years, the EU has turned into an oasis of pure honey. But this does not mean that there has been a similar trend in other parts of the world. Quite the contrary. Honey, does not meet the standards of the EU, is now sent to a country where the requirements are less stringent or non-existent. For example, in Russia.

According to GIA, the leading role in domestic and foreign markets honey owned 166 companies. Among them, only a few have published materials on the market conditions. Of the 17 countries - only 12 members Maugham posted on the website of the organization of information about the state of his bee, sometimes significantly understate them. For example, India, judging by the summary Maugham, honey produces five times less than the FAO records.

Vendors honey are good reasons for such secrecy. Honey of the developed countries is widely practiced marketing is not subjected to the treatment of cheap imported honey from developing countries, or of mixtures with him under the name of "national" (of course, more expensive) product. In China, the export price of underestimating your honey mask it under the cheaper "sweeteners" or under production of third countries to circumvent the foreign anti-dumping, sanitary and other barriers. Many countries in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR) are participating willingly in the scam by "laundering" of Chinese honey.

The situation in the powers of honey in 2009 was as follows.

EU imported honey 137tys.t, including from Argentina - 39, from China - and Mexico 32 - 18 thousand tons Import from China was a record for the last 10 years. Leading importer (64 tonnes) was Germany (Eurostat).

Turkey produced 80 thousand tons of honey, while in 2007-2008. because of the drought it received about 15 thousand tons Big harvest led to a sharp drop in purchase prices for honey and sharp conflicts between beekeepers and purchasing companies. In an effort to get rid of intermediaries, beekeepers have created a marketing co-operatives in 17 municipalities in the country under the auspices of the Beekeepers Association of Turkey and held direct talks with honey companies in Germany, Syria and Saudi Arabia (Hurriyet Daily News & Economy Review, October 29, 2009).

Argentina's position in the global honey market continued to weaken. Because of the drought reduced production and export of honey, decreased quality. If in 2005 it was sold abroad 106 tonnes of honey, then in 2009 - about 50 tons, although in value terms exports rose by 8%. Because of the bankruptcy left the beekeeping sector 7 thousand beekeepers - 20% of the number of officially registered (Tiempo PYNE, 28 de Noviembre de 2009)

Brazil exported 26 thousand tons of honey - twice as much as in 2008, and remained the world's leading producer and exporter of its "organic" combs. One reason for this - the Brazilian "Africanized" honey bees are more resistant to many diseases and pests than European that. In turn, eliminates the use of appropriate veterinary drugs and getting them to bee products (Nribunedo Norte, 17 de Dezembro de 2009).

In the U.S., because of the drought, a significant loss of bees and other unfavorable factors was collected a record low yield of honey - 65 tonnes of its consumption decreased by 9.5 thousand tons productivity of bee colonies has declined by 16%. United States was forced to purchase queens and packages of bees in Australia, New Zealand, Holland, Canada and Costa Rica, have imported 95.3 thousand tons of honey. The weakening of the dollar against other major currencies has created additional difficulties for the U.S. honey companies in foreign markets. In March and September, the ratio of transactions with local and imported honey in the U.S. market expresses the proportion 29:71.

Direct purchases by Americans of honey in China have been discontinued, but it has increased its supply from other Asian countries, including from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, where there is no modern beekeeping, no surplus honey. They do not produce honey and bright with clover, alfalfa and other crops of temperate climates. However, 100% of Indonesian honey, delivered in the United States, - the product of this particular variety. For India, the figure is 40%. The growth of the supply of honey from Asia Pacific, reflected by the indicators table.

COUNTRY	2001	2008	2012
China	18.7	11.2	0.4
India	0	12.5	10.5
Malaysia	0	4.1	5.4
Indonesia	0	1.8	3.9
Taiwan	1.2	1.4	3.7
Thailand	1.2	0.9	1.3

 Whose is this honey really? Of course, Chinese. However, the Chinese export statistics honey is not confirmed (Table 2).

• 2. Honey exports from China in 2007

Country	Number T.	Price, million USD	Change in value compared to 2006
Japan	34 858	54.9	+2
USA	11 330	14.9	-49
Spain	3 148	4.5	-29
England	1 939	2.6	+145
Belgium	1 843	2.5	+97
Malaysia	1 309	2.0	+50
Singapore	1 064	1.7	+8
Holland	1 074	1.6	+255
Germany	1 142	1.5	+125
Yemen	828	1.4	+370
Hong Kong	523	1.2	+7
Poland	704	0.9	+134
Mauritius	626	0.9	+268
United Arab Emirates	442	0.8	-18
India	635	0.7	+104
South Korea	468	0.6	-88
Switzerland	339	0.5	+292
Vietnam	303	0.5	+673
Indonesia	282	0.3	+915
Oman	167	0.3	+207
Other	1 311	1.8	-30

     Direction Nacional de Agroindustria; Informe Apicola - № 143 (3/2013)

China Statistikal Year Book, 2008

U.S. authorities continued to take measures against the import of Chinese honey by fraudulent schemes. In 2008-2009. eight people were arrested in Germany, China and the United States, who have been charged with participating in these scams.

In Canada, because of the cold summer were 29.4 thousand tons of honey - how much and in 2008 considered the standard harvest 34-36 tonnes Decreased production of light varieties. Achieving parity between the Canadian and U.S. currency has significantly increased prices for Canadian honey in the United States.

Vietnam produced honey is 20% smaller than before, due to adverse weather conditions (from September 2009 in Vietnam established the worst drought in 100 years) and rising prices for sugar, used to feed the bees. Honey exports totaled 14 million tons, of which 80% was sent to the United States. Vietnamese experts are looking for alternative markets for honey, including the EU and Japan (Vietnam News, 13 February, 2010).

Australia has received 17 thousand tons of honey, of which 50% exported.

Russia has put honey on 195.9t 1.1 million dollars in the United States, Japan and the EU.

Exactly as exported in the early 1990s. A systematic study of world honey market we have no one does, information about its conjuncture not be published. Russian beekeepers mostly indifferent to come true will be sent to their respective companies - intermediaries honey. Unlike other honey powers we do not have bee cooperatives involved in the supply of honey abroad. For the vast majority of intermediary companies trade in honey in the domestic market is more profitable than its exports.

Hypothetically, Russia could fill a niche with their products that are released in the global market of honey. However, you must upgrade all sectors of the Russian beekeeping and beekeeping community to join forces. Need and full support of the course by the government. Without this, all the talk about strengthening the position of Russia on the world market of honey - an empty phrase.